Ministry Burnout and the Cost of Caring: Support for Pastors and Clergy

The Weight of the Collar: Understanding Why Ministry Hurts So Much

Introduction

Behind many pulpits, there’s a quiet strain that rarely makes it into sermons or reports. Pastors, priests, chaplains, and ministry leaders often carry the emotional burdens of others while hiding their own. They are expected to embody strength, faith, and stability — yet many quietly experience exhaustion, self-doubt, loneliness, and even trauma.

Recent studies have begun to draw attention to this reality. Clergy and chaplains face unique, compounding stressors — spiritual, emotional, and institutional — that can gradually erode wellbeing if left unaddressed. Yet, because faith leaders are often viewed as “the helpers,” they may struggle to seek help themselves. This article explores what the research shows about clergy wellbeing, why ministry can take such a toll, and how psychological support can offer a path toward recovery and renewed purpose.

The Hidden Strain of Spiritual Leadership

Most people enter ministry with deep conviction — a call to serve, to bring hope, to make a difference. But over time, the same vocation that inspires can also deplete. A systematic review by Hydinger and colleagues (2024) found that clergy and chaplains experience high rates of burnout, trauma exposure, and spiritual distress, often at levels similar to frontline health workers. These challenges can result in mental health challenges, which are not signs of weak faith, but the predictable result of unrelenting emotional labour, exposure to traumatic situations, and systemic pressures.

Religious leaders often occupy overlapping roles: teacher, advisor, counsellor, mentor, team-leader, administrator, mediator, crisis responder, and sometimes even surrogate family. Each role carries expectations, yet few offer consistent support. When this load combines with the isolation many ministers experience — particularly those in rural or solo settings — the weight can become unbearable.

Furthermore, it’s not uncommon for pastors to feel like they can’t show vulnerability. Many report believing that disclosing personal struggle would threaten their credibility or their congregation’s trust (1). This reluctance to seek support is reinforced by a culture that often prizes self-sacrifice and spiritual strength. The result is that distress accumulates quietly — until it can’t be ignored.

When Faith Becomes Fatigue

Creating boundaries between work life, family, and personal life can be especially challenging for faith leaders. The line between faithfulness and fatigue is often thin, and spiritual exhaustion can creep in gradually — sometimes mistaken for perseverance or devotion. Over time, this can lead to burnout — a psychological condition that develops after prolonged stress and emotional strain. Burnout is characterised by emotional exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, and feelings of detachment or cynicism toward one’s work or ministry. It can show up as chronic tiredness, irritability, loss of motivation, difficulty concentrating, or a sense of emptiness where passion once lived (11).

Researchers note that “burnout” in ministry tends to have both psychological and spiritual dimensions: emotional exhaustion, a sense of ineffectiveness, loss of meaning, and disconnection from God or others (2).

Some clergy describe this as a kind of “spiritual numbness” — going through the motions of prayer, worship, or care, yet feeling detached from the sense of call that once sustained them. In one study, over 90% of chaplains said they found their work deeply meaningful, but nearly three-quarters had considered leaving due to the toll on their mental and emotional health (3).

These findings echo what many ministry families quietly experience: the paradox of finding deep purpose in work that simultaneously drains one’s reserves. When pastoral identity becomes intertwined with constant availability and responsibility, rest can feel like failure.

The Culture of Reluctance to seek Support: Why Seeking Help Feels So Hard

While the need for mental health support among clergy is well-documented, actual help-seeking remains low. A study by Salwen et al. (2017) explored factors that affect spiritual leaders' tendencies to seek professional help. Surprisingly, they found that in general spiritual leaders and chaplains were hesitant to reach out for psychological care, This suggests that barriers to help-seeking may be less about personal disposition and more about cultural and systemic influences. Many pastors are shaped by theological traditions that emphasise self-reliance, the sufficiency of Scripture, or the idea that psychological care is “secular.” Historical resistance within some Christian circles toward psychology has contributed to this hesitation (4).

Other barriers are practical: lack of sense of confidentiality in small communities, limited access to faith-sensitive practitioners, or fear that seeking therapy might be seen as a lack of trust in God. Yet as research continues to show, unresolved stress and unprocessed trauma not only affect the pastor — they ripple through families, congregations, and communities (5).

The Human Cost of Unrealistic Expectations

Church culture can sometimes reinforce what psychologists call unrelenting standards: the internalised belief (schema) that one must constantly perform, achieve, or please in order to be acceptable. In ministry, this can look like the drive to meet every need, attend every crisis, and never disappoint anyone — least of all God.

Ellison and Mattila (1983) observed that unrealistic expectations, both internal and external, contribute significantly to clergy stress. Pastors are often positioned as moral exemplars and emotional anchors for others, leaving little space to express doubt or distress. Over time, this dynamic fosters isolation and self-criticism — two of the strongest predictors of burnout.

When mistakes occur or criticism arises, it can strike at the core of identity. For many clergy, ministry is not just a job; it’s an expression of who they are and what they believe. This intertwining of vocation and self can make ordinary struggles — such as fatigue or conflict — feel like spiritual failure.

Understanding Burnout and Compassion Fatigue in Ministry Contexts

Hydinger et al. (2024) describe burnout among clergy as a multidimensional phenomenon influenced by individual, relational, and institutional factors. These include perfectionism, poor boundaries, limited peer support, financial stress, and demanding congregational expectations.

Burnout is closely related is compassion fatigue, which is the emotional depletion that comes from prolonged exposure to others’ suffering (6). Compassion fatigue is strongly influenced by secondary trauma, which occurs when a person is repeatedly exposed to the distress or traumatic experiences of others. While burnout develops gradually through chronic stress and overwork, compassion fatigue can arise more suddenly, often as a deep emotional or physical exhaustion from caring for those who are suffering. It may include intrusive thoughts, emotional numbing, irritability, or withdrawal, and can make it difficult to feel empathy or maintain emotional balance (2). For faith leaders, this can manifest as a growing sense of hopelessness, disconnection from their congregation, or questioning of purpose and faith.

Pastors, chaplains, and ministry spouses often provide care to people facing trauma, grief, or crisis, yet rarely have outlets to process the secondary trauma they absorb. Over time, this can lead to symptoms such as hypervigilance, guilt, anger, or detachment.

When emotional exhaustion meets spiritual struggle, the result can be profound disorientation. Some leaders experience what theologians call the dark night of the soul — a painful sense of divine absence that can accompany psychological distress. While faith traditions may interpret this spiritually, psychology recognises it as a legitimate emotional response to prolonged strain.

Protective Factors: What Helps Clergy Flourish

The good news is that research also highlights protective and restorative factors. Clergy who report greater wellbeing often share certain patterns: healthy boundaries, supportive relationships, realistic self-expectations, and spiritually nurturing practices.

Studies show that clergy who maintain strong peer connections, engage in supervision, psychology or counselling, and take time for rest experience significantly lower rates of burnout (7). Mentoring and collegial networks also buffer against isolation and provide a safe space for honest reflection (8).

Self-compassion, which is treating oneself with the same kindness offered to others — emerges as a critical resilience factor (9). In therapy, this often becomes a turning point: helping leaders differentiate between humility and self-denial, between serving others and erasing oneself. Faith itself can be protective when it fosters grace rather than perfectionism. Practices such as Sabbath-keeping, contemplative prayer, and shared worship can restore a sense of connection with God and community. As Hydinger’s review notes, wellbeing for clergy is not just the absence of distress, but the presence of meaning, vitality, and secure relationships (10).

The Role of Therapy and Support

Psychological therapy can play a vital role in helping faith leaders process their experiences safely and confidentially. For some, this involves unpacking the emotional weight of ministry: grief over parishioners’ suffering, conflict fatigue, or moral distress from institutional failures. Often burnout is accompanied, or fueled by symptoms of anxiety and depression, and seeking support and treatment for this is important. For others, therapy becomes a space to reconnect with personal identity beyond the pastoral role — rediscovering joy, purpose, and humanity.

A faith-sensitive psychologist can integrate respect for spiritual beliefs while helping identify patterns of overwork, guilt, or avoidance. This collaborative process allows leaders to move from “surviving” ministry to engaging it from a healthier, more grounded place.

It’s important to remember that seeking therapy is not a sign of diminished faith — it’s an act of stewardship. Just as pastors encourage others to seek help, their own wellbeing deserves the same care.

Moving Forward: From Survival to Wholeness

Healing for clergy, pastors or faith-leaders often begins with permission — permission to rest, to not have all the answers, to be human. The weight of ministry does not need to be carried alone, and it was never meant to be. Recognising that need and seeking support is a form of courage, not weakness.

If you’re a ministry leader or partner feeling the strain, it may help to remember that tending to your wellbeing is part of your calling. Healthy leaders cultivate healthy communities.

Psychological care that honours faith, confidentiality, and individual experience can provide a pathway back to peace — not through abandoning your calling, but through rediscovering the grace that sustains it.

If You’re Seeking Support

If you’re a faith leader, chaplain, or ministry partner experiencing burnout, emotional fatigue, or spiritual struggle, Kylie Walls, psychologist at Refuge Psychology offers confidential, faith-sensitive counselling available online across Australia.

You can learn more or book an appointment here: Book an appointment

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References

1. Salwen, E. D., Underwood, L. A., Dy-Liacco, G. S., & Arveson, K. R. (2017). Self-disclosure and spiritual well-being in pastors seeking professional psychological help. Pastoral Psychology, 66(5), 505–521.

2. Chandler, D. (2009). Pastoral burnout and resilience: What keeps clergy healthy and effective in ministry? Journal of Pastoral Psychology, 58(3), 273–287.

3. Captari, L. E., Hydinger, K. R., Sandage, S. J., & Wu, X. (2023). Trauma and meaning among chaplains: Understanding compassion fatigue in faith-based care. Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy.

4. Carter, J., & Narramore, B. (1979). The Integration of Psychology and Theology. Grand Rapids: Zondervan.

5. Ellison, C., & Mattila, W. (1983). The needs of evangelical Christian leaders in the United States. Pastoral Psychology, 31(3), 27–36.

6. Figley, C. R. (1995). Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized. Brunner/Mazel.

7. Bledsoe, T., & Setterlund, K. (2015). Clergy health and boundaries: A grounded theory study. Pastoral Psychology, 64(1), 63–74.

8. McKenna, R. (2021). Peer relationships and resilience in ministry. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 40(2), 80–89.

9. Lee, J., & Rosales, S. (2020). Self-compassion and wellbeing among clergy. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 23(2), 125–138.

10. Hydinger, K. R., Wu, X., Captari, L. E., & Sandage, S. J. (2024). Burnout, trauma impacts, and well-being among clergy and chaplains: A systematic review. Pastoral Psychology, 73, 587–608.

11. Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Understanding the burnout experience: Recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry, 15(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20311

    
    

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